The
Reviver (Mujaddid) of the 14th Century
AlaHadrat Imam Ahmad Rida Khan Alaihir raHmah
Imam Ahmed Rida Khan [d. 1340h/1921 CE] was a champion of the Sunni World in the
twentieth century as he defended the belief system of Sunni Muslims and rejected
the false and deviant ways head on with support from the greatest Ulama
worldwide.
He restored the deen to its original state in India when falsehood was being
mixed with the truth and people were confused about Sunni beliefs and practices.
Such a person is known as a “Mujaddid”.
Hadrat Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates the Messenger of Allah
(peace and blessings upon him) said:
“There will always be in my Ummah a group who safeguard the truth until Qiyamah comes” [Hakim’s Mustadrak]
Hadrat Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrates the Noble Prophet
(upon him peace and blessings) said:
“Allah shall send for this Ummah at the head of every hundred years a person who shall revive their Deen for them”
Family History
Imam Ahmed Rida son of Mufti Naqi ‘Ali son of Mufti Muhammad Rida. He was born
in a scholarly family on the 10th of Shawwal (1856 CE) in Bareilly, India.
His forefathers were originally from Kandahar, Afghanistan, and migrated to and
settled in India.
Studies & Discipleship
Imam Ahmed Rida studied twenty one traditional Islamic sciences under his
father, and mastered over fifty traditional sciences most of which were poured
into his heart from Allah Almighty as he mentioned in al-Ijaazat al-Mateenah.
He wrote his first ever fatwa on 14th Sha’ban 1286h on an issue of fostering
(when he was only 13 years, 10 months and 4 days old!)
Imam Ahmed Rida took his spiritual pledge (bay’ah/ahd) and received khilafah in
various Sufi pathways from his spiritual teacher , Sayyid Shah Aal-e-Rasul
Ahmadi from Marehrah, India, in 1296H.
Travels to Hajj
First Hajj: In 1295h (1878 CE), at the
age of 22, the great Imam traveled to perform Hajj with his father where he
received Ijazahs (licenses to teach) in the traditional sciences from the great
scholars of Makkah such as Sayyid Ahmad Zayni Dahlan and Mufti Abdullah bin Abd
ar-Rahman Siraaj.
Event: It is narrated that Imam Ahmed Rida
was near Maqam Ibrahim after Maghrib salah one evening that the Shafi’I Imam of
Masjid al-Haraam Shaykh Salih Jamal al-Layl Makki (d.1320h/1884) greeted him and
said: “I swear by Allah, I can see the light of Allah shine in your
forehead” and presented Ijazahs to him.
Second Hajj: In 1323h (1950 CE), Imam
Ahmed Rida travelled to the Two Holy sanctuaries for the second time in company
of his brother, Mawlana Hassan Raza Khan and son, Mawlana Hamid Raza Khan.
Event: He wrote a book called “Al-Dawlah al-Makkiyyah”
in Arabic in this journey in just over eight hours without using any books on a
question proposed to him by the Sharif of Makkah on the Noble Prophet ‘s (may
Allah give him peace and blessings) knowledge of the unseen (ilm al-gayb). This
work received a tremendous acceptance in its recital gathering in the presence
of the Sharif which was attended by the prominent scholars of the time.
In the same journey, he had numerous meetings of knowledge and circles with the
great Ulama who were either teaching, living or traveling in Hijaz. He produced
a number of books in Arabic due to these sittings and circles, among them are:
Hussam al-Haramayn (Sword of the Two Holy
Sanctuaries on the throat of disbelief and falsehood) –
his famous work in defence of the Sunni beliefs and
refutation of deviant groups that had blasphemed Allah and His Messenger.
Al-Ijaazat al-Mateenah –
His licenses to the scholars of Makkah and Madinah
and letters to them
Kiflul Faqih –
Fatwa on the legal status of the bank note in Islamic law
All three of the above mentioned books made Imam Ahmed Rida very popular in the
holy lands of Hijaz, Syria and Yemen.
What his contemporary Arab scholars said about Him?
Major scholars of Makkah and Madinah praised him lavishly for his knowledge and
piety. He was called:
“The absolute Shaykh of all teachers” by
Shaykh Ismail Makki, Libarian of Makkah Haram Library
“The encyclopaedia of all sciences” by Shaykh
‘Ali bin Hassan Maliki, Mufti of Makkah city
“A giant Imam and well learned man who is an expert
in the sciences” by Shaykh Yusuf Nabhani, Mujaddid of Sham & Mufti of
Lebanon.
[See: Al-Dawlah al-Makkiyyah & Hussamul Haramayn for
more]
His Principles (Manhaj)
1. Love of Allah and His Messenger is before
anything & everything
He said “If my heart was ever divided into two parts, one of them would have
written on it “laa ilaaha illAllah” and on the other “Muhammadur Rasulullah”!!
2. Defending the Honour of the Noble Messenger
(upon him peace & blessings)
He did not tolerate blasphemy (disrespect) of the Noble Messenger or of the
pious companions or Awliya and stood strongly against the corrupted groups of
his time for this reason.
3. Education and transmission of authentic
knowledge
He was a dedicated teacher and some of the greatest Ulama of India were his
students, among them are:
4.
Self-Purification
He followed the spiritual path (tariqa) of Shaykh Abdul Qadir Jilani and loved
all the Sufiya (Awliya). He made thousands repent from sins in his gatherings
and his entire life was spent purifying hearts and summoning people to Allah
Almighty
5. Praise of the Messenger through writing and
poems
His Durood-o-Salam is recited all over the world after Jum’ua and at the ends of
religious events in mosques and homes like the Qasidah Burdah. His most famous
book of Na’ats is called “Hada’iq-e-Bakshish” containing some of the finest
praises of Allah and of His chosen people.
6. Following the Sunnah of the Messenger (upon
him peace & blessings) to the smallest detail
The character of the Noble Messenger (upon him peace & blessings) was imprinted
in Imam Ahmed Rida’s life. He staunchly practised the Sunnah and so did his
disciples and students.
7. Uncompromising defence of the Ahlus-Sunnah
beliefs and practises
He authored more than two hundred books on the teachings of the Ahlus-Sunnah and
their defence.
His Books
Imam Ahmed Rida wrote more than a thousand books and commentaries in more than
55 sciences. A list of about 350 books is available titled “al-Mujmal al
Mu’addid”. A bulky 12 volume Hanafi fatwa collection: “Fataawa-e-Ridawiyyah” in
Urdu/Arabic was recently published in Lahore (Pakistan) with an index in 33
volumes! His Fataawa are an ocean of knowledge and wisdom.
The Sunni Muslims of the sub-continent (India, Bangladesh, Pakistan and
Afghanistan) remember the great Imam for his service to the Ahlus-Sunnah and
consider him a saviour when the Sunni-way was at threat.
His
Demise and Burial
Imam Ahmed Rida passed away on 28th October 1921 CE (25th Safar 1340h) at the
age of 65, in his home at Jumu’ah time when the mu’adhin was saying “come to
success” leaving behind two sons, Mowlana Hamid Raza and Mufti Mustafa Raza, and
five daughters.
People from all over the world visit his blessed shrine in Bareilly Shareef
every year on 25th Safar and attend the annual khatam (Blessed URS).
The great grandson who takes care of the affairs of the school of Imam Ahmed
Rida in Bareilly is Mufti Akhtar Rida Khan, a fine scholar and graduate of al-Azhar
University in Egypt. He is now visually impaired yet still teaches and dictates
translations to books in Arabic and English, with good knowledge of English. May
Allah preserve him and grant health.
———
Penned by
Munawwar Ateeq Ridawi
[Birmingham — United Kingdom]