Sayyidah Fatimah az-Zahra
Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha was the fourth daughter of the Holy Prophet SallAllahu
Alaihi wa Sallam and Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. "Zahra" (having
gleaming and luminous face), "Batool" (aloof from the worldly pleasures) are "Tahira"
(chaste and modest) are among her exalted titles.
She was an unusually sensitive child of her age.
When she was five, she heard
that her father had announced his Prophethood. Her
mother Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha explained to her what the
responsibilities of a Prophet are. Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha
became more closely attached to her father and felt a deep and abiding love for
him. She used to accompany him through the narrow streets of Makkatul Mukarrama,
visiting the Ka’bah or attending the secret meetings of the early Muslims who
had embraced Islam and pledged allegiance to her father.
Once, she accompanied her father to the Masjid al-Haraam. Sayyiduna Rasoolullah
SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam began to pray in front of the Ka’bah. A group of
Quraysh chiefs gathered around the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam.
Uqbah bin Abi Mu’ayt brought the entrails of a slaughtered animal and threw it
on the shoulders of the Beloved Habeeb SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Sayyidah
Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, a ten year old girl, went up to her father and
removed the filth. Then, in a firm and angry voice she lashed out against Abu
Jahl and his colleagues. They could not utter a single word.
After the demise of her
mother, Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, she felt that she had to give
even greater support to her father. She devoted herself to looking after his
needs. She was so engrossed in her father’s service that people started calling
her “Umm Abiha”, the mother of her father. The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa
Sallam had a special love for Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha.
Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha reported that the Holy
Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam said:
فاطمة بضعة منى ، فمن أغضبها أغضبنى
“My daughter is part of me. He who disturbs her in fact disturbs me and he who offends her offends me.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3767]
The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam also said:
حسبك من نساء العالمين أربع مريم بنت عمران و آسية امرأة فرعون و خديجة بنت خويلد و فاطمة بنت محمد
“The best women in the entire world are four: The Virgin Mariyam Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha daughter of Imran and Aasiya Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha the wife of Pharaoh and Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha Mother of the Believers and Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, daughter of Muhammad SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam.” [Mustadrak al-Hakim, Vol. 4, Page 262, Hadith 4745]
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha thus acquired a place of love and
esteem in the Beloved Nabi’s SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam heart that was only
occupied by his wife Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. She was given
the title of “Zahra” which means “The Resplendent One”. That was because of her
beaming face, which seemed to radiate light. She was also called “Batool”
because of her purity and asceticism. She spent most of her time in the
recitation of the Holy Quraan, performing Salaah and doing other acts of Ibadah.
Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu
Ta'ala Anha said:
أقبلت فاطمة تمشي كأن مشيتها مشي النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقال: "مرحباً بابنتي". ثم أجلسها عن يمينه، أو عن شماله
“I have not seen any one of Allah’s SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala creation resemble the Messenger of Allah SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam more in speech, conversation and manner of sitting than Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. When the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam saw her approaching, he would welcome her, stand up and kiss her, take her by the hand and sit her down in the place where he was sitting.” [al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page 406, Hadith 421]
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha learnt from her father the manners and
gentle speech. She was kind to the poor. She often gave her food to the needy
preferring herself to remain hungry. She had no inclination towards the
materialistic world. She had no craving for the ornaments of this world or the
luxuries and comforts of life.
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha was married to Sayyiduna Ali Radi
Allahu Ta'ala Anha at the beginning of the second year after the Hijra. She was
nineteen-year-old and Sayyiduna Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha was about
twenty-one. The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam himself performed the
Nikah. On her marriage, Sayyiduna Rasoolullah SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam is
said to have presented Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha and Sayyiduna
Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha with a wooden bed intertwined with palm leaves, a
velvet coverlet, a leather cushion filled with the leaves of a plant, a
sheepskin, a pot, a water-skin and a quern (A primitive hand-operated mill for
grinding grain) for grinding grain.
One day Sayyiduna Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha asked her to go to her father and
ask for a servant. Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha came to the Holy
Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa
Sallam said:
ألا أخبرك ما هو خير لك منه ، تسبحين الله عند منامك ثلاثا وثلاثين ، وتحمدين الله ثلاثا وثلاثين ، وتكبرين الله أربعا وثلاثين
“Shall I not tell you of something better than that which you asked of me? I am telling you the words, which Jibra’eel Alaihis Salam has told me. You should say Subhan-Allah (Glory be to Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala) 33 times, Al-HamduLillah (Praise be to Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala) 33 times and Allahu Akbar (Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala is Great) 34 times.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 5362]
This is called “Tasbeeh-e-Fatimah” and brings
blessings upon the person who regularly recites it.
Before proceeding on to his
Farewell Pilgrimage in Ramadaan, 10 A.H., the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa
Sallam said to Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha:
إن جبريل كان يعارضني القرآن كل سنة مرة وإنه عارضني العام مرتين ولا أراه إلا حضر أجلي
“The Archangel Jibra’eel Alaihis Salam recited the Qur'an to me and I to him once every year, but this year he has recited it with me twice. I cannot but think that my time has come”. [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3426]
On his return from the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi
wa Sallam became seriously ill. He was confined to the apartment of his beloved
wife Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. When Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu
Ta'ala Anha visited her ailing father, Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha
would leave father and the daughter together.
Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha reported:
كن أزواج النبى -صلى الله عليه وسلم- عنده لم يغادر منهن واحدة فأقبلت فاطمة تمشى ما تخطئ مشيتها من مشية رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- شيئا فلما رآها رحب بها فقال « مرحبا بابنتى ». ثم أجلسها عن يمينه أو عن شماله ثم سارها فبكت بكاء شديدا فلما رأى جزعها سارها الثانية فضحكت. فقلت لها خصك رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- من بين نسائه بالسرار ثم أنت تبكين فلما قام رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- سألتها ما قال لك رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قالت ما كنت أفشى على رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- سره. قالت فلما توفى رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- قلت عزمت عليك بما لى عليك من الحق لما حدثتنى ما قال لك رسول الله -صلى الله عليه وسلم- فقالت أما الآن فنعم أما حين سارنى فى المرة الأولى فأخبرنى « أن جبريل كان يعارضه القرآن فى كل سنة مرة أو مرتين وإنه عارضه الآن مرتين وإنى لا أرى الأجل إلا قد اقترب فاتقى الله واصبرى فإنه نعم السلف أنا لك ». قالت فبكيت بكائى الذى رأيت فلما رأى جزعى سارنى الثانية فقال « يا فاطمة أما ترضى أن تكونى سيدة نساء المؤمنين أو سيدة نساء هذه الأمة ». قالت فضحكت ضحكى الذى رأيت.
“We, the wives of Allah’s Apostle were with him (during his last illness) and none was absent therefrom that Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, who walked after the style of Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam, came there, and when he saw her he welcomed her saying: ‘You are welcome, my daughter’. He then made her sit on his right side or on his left side. Then he said something secretly to her and she swept bitterly and when he found her (plunged) in grief, he said to her something secretly for the second time and she laughed. I (Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha) said to her: ‘Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam has singled you amongst the women of the family for talking to you something secretly and you wept’. When Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam recovered from illness, I said to her: ‘What did he say to you?’ Thereupon, she said: ‘I am not going to disclose the secret of Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. When the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam passed away, I said to her: ‘I adjure you by the right that I have upon you that you should narrate to me what Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam said to you.’ She said: ‘Yes, now I can do that. When he (Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam) talked to me secretly for the first time he informed me that Jibra’il Alaihis Salam was in the habit of reciting the Qur'an along with him once every year, but this year it had been twice and so he perceived his death quite near, so fear Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala and be patient (and he told me) that he would be a befitting forerunner for me and so I wept as you saw me. And when he saw me in grief he talked to me secretly for the second time and said: ‘Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, are you not pleased that you should be at the head of the believing women or the head of this Ummah?’ I laughed and it was that laughter which you saw.” [Sahih Muslim, Hadith 6467]
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi
Allahu Ta'ala Anha is undoubtedly the Chief of the Ladies of Paradise and her
two sons, Imam Hasan Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha and Imam Husain Radi Allahu Ta'ala
Anha, are the chiefs of the Youths of Paradise. But it should be borne in mind
that Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha is the chief of the women of this
Ummah and not of the whole world. The Chief of the Women of the whole world is
Sayyidah Maryam Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, as it has been stated in the Holy
Qur'an:
وإذ قالت الملائكة يا مريم إن الله اصطفاك وطهرك واصطفاك على نساء العالمين
“And when the Angels said: O Mariyam, surely Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala has chosen thee and purified thee and chosen thee above the women of the world.” [Surah Aal-e-Imran: 42]
In another narration, Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha reported that when
she asked Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha the reasons of her crying and
laughing when her father talked to her secretly, she said:
سارني النبي صلى الله عليه و سلم فأخبرني أنه يقبض في وجعه التي توفي فيه فبكيت ثم سارني فأخبرني أني أول أهل بيته أتبعه فضحكت
“He informed me secretly of his death and so I cried. He then informed me secretly that I would be the first amongst the members of his family to follow him, so I laughed.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3427 ; Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2450]
This Hadith shows the implicit faith that Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala
Anha had in the words of her father. She believed that her father was given the
Knowledge of Unseen. She was quite sure that the events would take the same turn
as her father had informed her. This Hadith also shows that Sayyidah Fatimah
Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha loved her father more dearly than her husband and
children, and her meeting with him in the Hereafter was a source of great
comfort and consolation for her.
